The Benefits of NDIS Physiotherapy for People with Acquired Brain Injuries
The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) provides support for people with permanent and significant disabilities, including those with acquired brain injuries. The NDIS can help with a range of supports, such as assistance with daily activities, help with communication, access to therapy and assistance in the home.
Realisation Healthcare Allied Health Professionals are skilled and experts in providing therapy to those who have had an Acquired Brain injury. Our physiotherapists have the skills to guide and provide treatment and interventions to those with Acquired Brain Injuries to ensure that they improve their function and participation in activities of daily living and become more independent.
What is an Acquired Brain Injury?
An Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to any type of injury to the brain that occurs after birth rather than as part of a congenital or genetic condition.
What causes an ABI?
ABIs can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): TBI is caused by an external force, such as a blow to the head or a penetration injury, that results in brain damage.
Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die.
Infections: Certain infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can cause inflammation and damage to the brain.
Degenerative Neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia.
Oxygen deprivation: A lack of oxygen to the brain, also known as anoxia, can cause brain damage.
Toxins: Exposure to toxic substances, such as alcohol or drugs, can cause brain damage.
Brain tumours: Brain tumours can damage the brain by pressing on surrounding tissues or by interfering with the normal functioning of the brain.
What are the functional changes of ABI?
The functional changes associated with an ABI can vary depending on the severity and location of the injury. Some common functional changes seen in people with ABI include:
Impaired physical abilities (weakness, tremors, stiff muscles)
Difficulty with coordination and balance
Increased fatigue
Changes in sensory perception Impaired ability to communicate (slow or slurred speech)
Impaired ability to think and learn (forgetful/poor attention)
What is neuroplasticity, and how does it relate to ABIs?
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to new experiences, learning, or damage. This means that even after an injury, the brain can reorganise itself and form new connections between neurons in order to compensate for lost function.
This process of brain reorganisation can take place at any age and is thought to be a key factor in recovery from many neurological conditions, including ABIs. Through a combination of physical and cognitive rehabilitation, individuals with ABI can work to enhance their brain's neuroplasticity and improve their functional abilities.
However, it's also important to note that the extent of neuroplasticity and the speed of recovery can vary significantly between individuals and depend on several factors, including the type and severity of the injury, age, and overall health.
Neuroplasticity and Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy can play an important role in promoting neuroplasticity and aiding in the recovery process after an ABI. Physiotherapy can involve a range of interventions, including:
Exercise: Physical exercise has been shown to have a positive effect on neuroplasticity, as well as improve physical function, balance, and coordination.
Strength training: Building strength and endurance can help improve physical function and reduce the risk of future injury.
Range of motion exercises: Stretching and range of motion exercises can help maintain joint mobility and prevent muscle stiffness.
Balance training: Improving balance can help reduce the risk of falls and improve overall physical function.
Coordination training: Coordination exercises can help improve fine motor control and dexterity.
Gait (walking) training: Gait training can help improve walking ability and reduce the risk of falls.
In addition to physical exercises, physiotherapy can also involve the use of assistive devices and adaptive equipment, as well as education and training on fall prevention and energy conservation techniques.
How can Physiotherapy intervention specifically help with an ABI?
Through the range of therapy physiotherapy interventions mentioned above, physiotherapy can provide individualised therapy to individuals to achieve their goals, including:
Restoring muscle strength and joint stability
Re-education of walking
Reducing muscle spasms, contractures, stiff joints and associated pain
Re-training of functional tasks, for example, sit-to-standing, turning in bed, activities of daily living
Improving balance (in sitting and standing), coordination and normal patterns of movement
Improving independence and enhancing overall quality of life.
Rehabilitation services
Training and teaching of family members/carers involved with the rehabilitation process, for example, manual handling, bed/bath/chair/toilet transfers, positioning techniques and exercise programmes to maintain muscle strength, coordination and flexibility of soft tissues.
Overall, Physiotherapy can play a significant role in promoting neuroplasticity and aiding in the recovery process after an ABI. Through physiotherapy and neuroplasticity, individuals can experience a range of benefits, from improving physical function to increasing independence, reducing pain and increasing their ability to participate in activities of daily living.
At Realisation Healthcare, our NDIS registered Physiotherapy services cater specifically to individuals with intellectual disabilities, neurological disabilities, and mental health disabilities. Our physiotherapists take the time to understand each individual's unique needs and how their disability affects their quality of life, function, and overall well-being.
Additional information:
What is the long-term prognosis for people with Acquired Brain Injuries?
The long-term prognosis for people with ABIs depends on the severity of the injury. In mild cases, recovery may be complete or near-complete, while more severe cases may require ongoing treatment and therapy. In general, those with mild to moderate injuries can often return to their pre-injury lifestyle, while those with more severe injuries may experience long-term disability or cognitive impairment. It's important to note that recovery from an acquired brain injury can take time, and patients may need to adjust to new lifestyles or daily routines. However, with appropriate medical and therapeutic care, many people with ABIs can lead productive, fulfilling lives.
What are the symptoms of an Acquired Brain Injury?
The symptoms of an ABI can vary widely depending on the extent and location of the injury, but some common symptoms include:
Cognitive symptoms: Difficulty with memory, attention, concentration, decision-making, problem-solving, and language.
Physical symptoms: Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, seizures, tremors, and difficulty with movement, balance, coordination, and fine motor skills.
Sensory symptoms: Changes in vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and sensitivity to light and sound.
Emotional symptoms: Depression, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, and a lack of emotional control.
Behavioural symptoms: Impulsivity, disinhibition, aggression, and inappropriate social behaviour.
What strategies can be used to manage the symptoms of Acquired Brain Injuries?
Managing the symptoms of an ABI can be a complex and daunting process. However, there are several strategies that can be used to help manage the symptoms and improve their quality of life.
First and foremost, it’s important to seek medical attention and guidance from healthcare professionals such as neurologists or physiotherapists. They can assess your needs and put together a plan for treatment and symptom management. This may include physical, occupational and recreational therapies, medications, and lifestyle changes.
It is also important to establish a routine and slowly build up activities as tolerated. This can include exercise and cognitive activities such as reading and puzzles. Regular physical activity is beneficial for both physical and mental health.
A healthy diet and getting adequate sleep and rest are also important. If needed, cognitive and memory aids such as calendars, to-do lists, and notes can help to keep track of daily tasks and activities.
Finally, it is important to take breaks and pace yourself. Finding ways to relax and recharge is essential for managing the symptoms of ABIs.
How are Acquired Brain Injuries diagnosed?
ABIs are diagnosed through a variety of tests and assessments, depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's symptoms. Common diagnostic tests include brain imaging scans, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerised Tomography (CT) scans, as well as neurological, cognitive, and psychological tests. MRI and CT scans help to identify structural changes or damage to the brain. In contrast, the other tests help to assess any impairments in the individual's thinking, behaviour, or physical abilities. A diagnosis of ABI can also be made through a medical history, physical examination, and interviews with family members or caregivers. In some cases, additional tests and assessments may be necessary to make a definitive diagnosis.
Are there any support groups for people with Acquired Brain Injuries?
Yes, there are several support groups available for people who have an ABI. These groups can provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals to connect with others who have faced similar experiences. These groups can offer emotional support from peers, resources, helpful tips, advice and information about brain injury rehabilitation and coping strategies. To find a support group near you, it is best to contact your local brain injury association, your support coordinator, LAC or your local hospital for more information.
What other disabilities does Realisation Healthcare Physiotherapists specialise in?
Multiple Sclerosis
Spinal Cord Injury
Motor Neurone Disease
Cerebral Palsy
What other NDIS services does Realisation Healthcare offer?
Realisation Healthcare also offers a range of Allied Health services, including Occupational Therapy, Dietetics and Exercise Physiologists.
We also have more information on our free resources page, which includes PDFs and Ebooks - you can find them by clicking the link below!